Irán

Más allá de la capital, las principales ciudades son Mashhad, Isfahan, Tabriz — cada una un centro de cultura regional, economía e historia. Tehran expanded from a village to a capital in 1786 under the Qajar dynasty and has since accumulated a population of 15 million in a smog-trapped mountain basin — its bazaar, one of the world's largest covered markets, connecting 10 kilometres of vaulted lanes where traditional crafts, electronics, and spice merchants coexist with the architectural ambition of a country navigating modernisation under religious restriction.

El idioma oficial es Persian (Farsi), que refleja el patrimonio cultural del país y lo conecta con una amplia comunidad internacional. Internacionalmente, Irán se contacta mediante el código +98. Iranians maintain a Persian civilisation identity of 2,500 years that predates the Islamic Republic by millennia — the Nowruz new year celebration (aligned with the spring equinox, rooted in Zoroastrian tradition), the poetry of Hafez and Rumi quoted from memory in daily conversation, and the Persian language's unbroken literary tradition are markers of cultural continuity that transcend the current political system.

Irán comparte sus fronteras con Turkmenistán, Armenia, Irak, Turquía, Afganistán, Pakistán, Azerbaiyán. El tráfico rodado circula por la derecha, en consonancia con la convención de

La vida económica y cotidiana se rige por la zona horaria de UTC+03:30, alineando el país con sus vecinos regionales.

Iranian cooking is among the world's most ancient and sophisticated traditions — ghormeh sabzi (herb stew with kidney beans and fenugreek), fesenjan (pomegranate walnut duck sauce), and the saffron that makes Iranian rice dishes glow golden represent a culinary inheritance from Persian imperial court kitchens that influenced cuisine from Spain to India through the Silk Road.

Wrestling is Iran's oldest competitive sport, with the traditional varzesh-e bastani (ancient sport) gymnastics performed in the Zurkhaneh (House of Strength) combining acrobatics, music, and Islamic recitation in a physical practice that predates Islam in Iran by centuries and continues as both fitness training and cultural ceremony in gyms across the country.

Mount Damavand at 5,610 metres is the highest volcano in Asia and the highest peak in the Middle East — a dormant stratovolcano visible from Tehran on clear days, sulphurous and snow-covered simultaneously at its summit, and central to Iranian mythology as the prison of the tyrant Zahhak chained inside the mountain by the hero Fereydun.